Phân tích mối liên hệ giữa hoạt động lặn khai thác thủy sản và rạn san hô khu vực vịnh Vân Phong - Khánh Hòa theo khung DPSIR

Abstract

This study used the DPSIR framework to assess the relationship between diving-based fishing activities and pressures on coral reefs in Van Phong Bay, drawing on secondary data and interviews with 70 fishers representing 70 diving fishing vessels. Economic factors, the need for stable income, and long-standing diving traditions are drivers of fishing activities (Driving forces), while fishers face difficulties related to capital and inadequate skills for shifting to alternative livelihoods. Fishing frequency, the use of fishing gear with potential mechanical impacts, and behaviors such as trampling and boat anchoring on reefs create physical pressure on the reef ecosystem (Pressures). The average live coral cover recorded during the surveys in 2024–2025 was 30.0 ± 14.0%, while the benthic structure included macroalgae and rocky substrate (State). A total of 72.8% of fishers reported declining catches, while 67.1% reported a decrease in income from diving fisheries compared with five years earlier (Impacts). Fishers expressed the need for support for conservation, access to loans, and sustainable fishing techniques (Responses).

The study recommends strengthening community outreach and promoting community-based management to contribute to coral reef protection and resilience.

Keywords: DPSIR framework, coral reefs, fishing pressure